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--- ml:learning_rate [2023/03/08 22:31] – [Automatically Setting the Learning Rate] jmflanig
+++ ml:learning_rate [2024/02/06 00:31] (current) – [Automatically Setting the Learning Rate] jmflanig
@@ Line 12: / Line 12: @@
   * **Large-initial learning rate** (see Regularization - [[ml:regularization#Learning Rate Schedule]])
   * **Learning rate annealing** Halve (or reduce) the learning rate at prespecified intervals, or under certain conditions (talked about, for example [[https://arxiv.org/pdf/1706.09733.pdf|here]])
+  * **Linear decay with linear-warm up (slanted triangular)**. Proposed in [[https://arxiv.org/pdf/1801.06146.pdf|Howard & Ruder 2018]] as "slanted triangular learning rates"
   * **Cyclic learning rates**
     * [[https://arxiv.org/pdf/1506.01186.pdf|Smith 2015 - Cyclical Learning Rates for Training Neural Networks]]
@@ Line 18: / Line 19: @@
   * **Plateau Learning Rate**
     * Decrease the learning rate when the objective reaches a plateau.  See [[https://pytorch.org/docs/stable/generated/torch.optim.lr_scheduler.ReduceLROnPlateau.html|PyTorch - ReduceLROnPlateau]]
+  * **Other Schedules**
+    * [[https://arxiv.org/pdf/1608.03983.pdf|Loshchilov & Hutter 2016 - SGDR: Stochastic Gradient Descent with Warm Restarts]] Used by nanoGPT
   * **Warm restarts** [[https://arxiv.org/pdf/1608.03983.pdf|Loshchilov & Hutter 2016 - SGDR: Stochastic Gradient Descent with Warm Restarts]]
   * **Batch size** [[https://arxiv.org/pdf/1711.00489.pdf|Smith et al 2017 - Don't Decay the Learning Rate, Increase the Batch Size]]
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 ==== Automatically Setting the Learning Rate ====
-  * https://arxiv.org/pdf/1802.05074.pdf|Rolinek & Martius 2018 - L4: Practical loss-based stepsize adaptation for deep learning]] Uses a linear approximation and a target loss value to pick the step size.  For cross-entropy, could use 0 as the target value. Similar to LRTuner.
+  * [[https://arxiv.org/pdf/1802.05074.pdf|Rolinek & Martius 2018 - L4: Practical Loss-based Stepsize Adaptation for Deep Learning]] Uses a linear approximation and a target loss value to pick the step size.  For cross-entropy, could use 0 as the target value. Similar to LRTuner.
+  * [[https://arxiv.org/pdf/1909.13371.pdf|Chandra et al 2019 - Gradient Descent: The Ultimate Optimizer]] Stacked hyper-optimizers
+  * **[[https://arxiv.org/pdf/2002.10542.pdf|Loizou et al 2020 - Stochastic Polyak Step-size for SGD: An Adaptive Learning Rate for Fast Convergence]]**
   * [[https://arxiv.org/pdf/2103.12623.pdf|Carvalho et al 2021 - Evolving Learning Rate Optimizers for Deep Neural Networks]]
   * [[https://arxiv.org/pdf/2105.10762.pdf|Jin et al 2021 - AutoLRS: Automatic Learning-Rate Schedule by Bayesian Optimization on the Fly]]
   * [[https://arxiv.org/pdf/2105.14526.pdf|Iyer et al 2021 - LRTuner: A Learning Rate Tuner for Deep Neural Networks]] Uses a quadratic approximation in the direction of descent to pick the step size. Seems to work well. Similar to L4.
   * [[https://arxiv.org/pdf/2111.15317.pdf|Teng et al 2021 - AutoDrop: Training Deep Learning Models with Automatic Learning Rate Drop]]
+  * **[[https://arxiv.org/pdf/2306.00144.pdf|Cutkosky et al 2023 - Mechanic: A Learning Rate Tuner]]**
+==== Parameter-Free Optimization ====
+Optimization algorithms that don't have a stepsize or hyperparameters.
+  * [[https://arxiv.org/pdf/2302.12022.pdf|Ivgi et al 2023 - DoG is SGD’s Best Friend: A Parameter-Free Dynamic Step Size Schedule]]
 ==== Convergence Conditions ====
   * **SGD**
     * For stochastic gradient descent, optimization theory says the step sizes should satisfy the conditions $\sum_t \alpha_t > \infty$ and $\sum_t \alpha_t^2 < \infty$ (see for example [[https://leon.bottou.org/publications/pdf/nimes-1991.pdf|Bottou 1991]]).  A common choice that satisfies these conditions stepsizes that decay as $1/t$.  Stepsizes that satisfy these conditions were very common in machine learning and deep learning (for example [[https://arxiv.org/pdf/1603.01354.pdf|here]]).
+    * For an analysis of stepsize schedules of SGD on non-convex problems, see [[http://proceedings.mlr.press/v130/gower21a/gower21a.pdf|Gower et al 2021 - SGD for Structured Nonconvex Functions: Learning Rates, Minibatching and Interpolation]]
   * **Adam**
     * In the original [[https://arxiv.org/pdf/1412.6980.pdf|Adam paper]], the proof of convergence assumes stepsizes that decay as $1/\sqrt{t}$ (see the sentence above Theorem 4.1). (Note: there's a flaw in the proof, see [[optimizers]] and [[https://openaccess.thecvf.com/content_CVPR_2019/papers/Zou_A_Sufficient_Condition_for_Convergences_of_Adam_and_RMSProp_CVPR_2019_paper.pdf|Zou 2019]], which was corrected [[https://arxiv.org/pdf/2003.02395.pdf|here]].  So $1/\sqrt{t}$ should work for reasonable hyperparameters.)